Decellularized Extracellular Matrix (dECM) in Tendon Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review

Tendon injuries pose significant clinical challenges due to complex structure and limited healing capacity. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix (dECM) offers a promising solution by replicating the native tendon microenvironment and promoting regeneration. This review summarizes the role of Extracellular Matrix (ECM), ongoing trends in the decellularization methods, as well as their integration with emerging technologies such as 3D printing, hybrid composite scaffold and hydrogels. Preclinical results and translational challenges are discussed. Overall, the review on the dECM-based scaffold strategies offer a compelling overview in understanding the tendon tissue engineering and their potential for clinical translation.