Flexible Silicon Photoelectric Biointerfaces for Wireless and Noninvasive Tissue Stimulation and Regeneration

Bioelectricity plays a vital role in the development, maintenance, and repair of human tissues, motivating extensive efforts to apply exogenous electrical stimulation. Among various strategies, photoelectric devices that convert light into localized electrical signals have emerged as promising platforms for wireless, noninvasive, and nongenetic modulation of biological functions. Silicon (Si) has attracted particular interest as a biointerface material due to its high stimulation efficiency, biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, and compatibility with flexible device architectures. This review provides a comprehensive overview of flexible Si‐based photoelectric systems, including recent advances in material design and fabrication, as well as the fundamental mechanisms governing device/tissue interactions, with an emphasis on interfacial electrical processes that regulate biological responses. Representative biomedical applications are highlighted, spanning cardiac pacing, brain neural excitation, wound healing, nerve repair, and myocardial protection. Finally, key challenges, such as long‐term biocompatibility, device stability, and spatiotemporal control of stimulation, are critically assessed, and future directions are outlined toward multimodal, adaptive, and integrated therapeutic systems. By establishing a materials‐to‐application framework, this review provides guidance for the rational design and biomedical translation of Si‐based photoelectric biointerfaces and underscores their transformative potential in next‐generation regenerative therapies.