Supramolecular Chemistry Regulation of Perovskite Solar Cells: From Material Design to Device Stability

Although the power conversion efficiency has been greatly improved, the commercialization of perovskite solar cells is hindered by inherent instability and the environmental risk of lead leakage. This review describes how supramolecular chemistry gives us a versatile molecular toolbox for tackling these problems. Engineered macrocyclic molecules such as cyclodextrins, porphyrins, and crown ethers that can be used to control the interface passivation, crystallization, carrier transport, and stability by means of programmable noncovalent interactions. It improves both the device performance and operational stability in harsh environments such as heat, light, and moisture. Supramolecular chemistry can effectively decrease the quantity of lead that leaks out, resolving this significant environmental issue. The fundamental mechanisms of supramolecular chemistry are analyzed, and the future direction of guiding the development of efficient, stable, and sustainable perovskite photovoltaics is predicted.