Simultaneous determination of different classes of antibiotics in fish and livestock by CE‐MS

A specific CE-MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 12 antibacterial residues (four sulfonamides: sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine, and sulfachlorpyridazine; four beta-lactams: amoxicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin, and penicillin V, and four quinolones: danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, and flumequine) in fish and livestock. Separation conditions, sheath liquid composition and electrospray parameters were optimized to obtain adequate CE separation and a high sensitivity. CE employed a 75 cm long fused-silica capillary (50 cm thermostated plus 25 cm at room temperature) 75 microm id and a 60 mM ammonium acetate separation buffer at pH 8 with 10% of methanol. The minimum number of identification points, according to the 2002/657/EC European Decision, was achieved using an IT in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. For quantification in meat and fish samples, a two-step procedure was developed using ACN to extract the antibacterials and to precipitate the proteins and dispersive SPE, with C18 to clean up the extract. External matrix matched calibration curves were used to achieve accurate quantitative results. The LODs and LOQs (below 18 and 50 ng/kg, respectively) were in all cases lower than the maximum residue limits for these compounds in meat and fish. The recoveries ranged from 78 to 97% and the precision with RSDs lower than 18% indicate the potential of CE-MS for the analysis of multiclass antibacterial residues in food. The method was applied to meat and fish samples taken from markets, slaughterhouses, and fish farms.