High‐Performance Polymer Composites for Tribological Applications: Matrix Design, Filler Engineering, and Wear Mechanisms

This paper reviews design strategies, performance optimization, and recent advances in high‐performance polymer composites for tribological applications. Polymer‐based self‐lubricating composites are key materials in aerospace, automotive, and marine engineering due to their lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and self‐lubrication. The review discusses matrix selection and modification (PEEK, PI, PPS) via chemical (grafting, crosslinking) and physical (blending) strategies, emphasizing interfacial engineering. Filler design covers conventional reinforcements (carbon/glass fibers) and advanced nanofillers (MXene, graphene, h‐BN), where hybrid systems show synergistic effects. Tribological mechanisms include transfer film dynamics and environmental factors (temperature, humidity, atmosphere). Characterization methods include standardized tests (ASTM G99, ISO 7148), surface analysis (SEM, EDS, 3D profilometry), DMA, and in situ monitoring. Representative systems comprise PEEK, PI, UHMWPE, and self‐lubricating composites (PTFE, MoS 2 , graphite), plus smart tribomaterials. Key challenges are unclear structure–property relationships, insufficient extreme‐condition data, limited multifunctional integration, and environmental concerns. Future directions involve cross‐scale design, machine learning, green materials, and bio‐inspired strategies.