A survey on imbalanced learning: latest research, applications and future directions

Imbalanced learning constitutes one of the most formidable challenges within data mining and machine learning. Despite continuous research advancement over the past decades, learning from data with an imbalanced class distribution remains a compelling research area. Imbalanced class distributions commonly constrain the practical utility of machine learning and even deep learning models in tangible applications. Numerous recent studies have made substantial progress in the field of imbalanced learning, deepening our understanding of its nature while concurrently unearthing new challenges. Given the field’s rapid evolution, this paper aims to encapsulate the recent breakthroughs in imbalanced learning by providing an in-depth review of extant strategies to confront this issue. Unlike most surveys that primarily address classification tasks in machine learning, we also delve into techniques addressing regression tasks and facets of deep long-tail learning. Furthermore, we explore real-world applications of imbalanced learning, devising a broad spectrum of research applications from management science to engineering, and lastly, discuss newly-emerging issues and challenges necessitating further exploration in the realm of imbalanced learning.