Genome-Wide Analysis and Characterization of CYP450 Gene Family in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L)

CYP450 is a multifunctional oxidase encoded by a supergene family, which plays an important role in biosynthesis, metabolic detoxification, and plant defense. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the tobacco CYP450 gene family using bioinformatics approaches. We identified 142 CYP450 genes and characterized their physicochemical properties, gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosomal locations, and expression patterns under salt and alkali stress. We also analyzed gene duplication events and predicted protein–protein interactions. The tobacco CYP450 gene family is divided into 28 subfamilies, with the CYP71 subfamily being the most abundant. The genes exhibit diverse physicochemical properties and subcellular localizations. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a high level of collinearity within the family, suggesting a significant role of tandem duplication in its evolution. The promoter regions of CYP450 genes contain various cis-acting elements related to light sensing, environmental stress response, and hormone regulation. Expression analysis under salt and alkali stress revealed distinct patterns, indicating their involvement in stress adaptation mechanisms. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of the tobacco CYP450 gene family and its potential functions in plant development and stress responses. The identified candidate genes and their expression patterns under stress conditions offer valuable insights for further functional characterization and genetic engineering of tobacco for improved stress tolerance.