Noble metal nanozymes for biodetection: Current state-of-the-art and accelerated discovery with artificial intelligence

Nanozymes have attracted considerable attention for their capability to replicate the catalytic functions of natural enzymes while addressing several intrinsic limitations. Within this category, noble metal nanozymes are distinguished by unique electronic structures, broad enzyme-mimic activities, and excellent stability, conferring great potential for biosensing and positioning them as a highly active area of biomedical research. This review outlines the classification of enzyme-like activities of noble metal nanozymes and examines their applications in biodetection, including noble metal nanocrystals, noble metal single-atom nanozymes, and artificial intelligence-assisted noble metal nanozymes. The recent advances in artificial intelligence for nanozyme research are also summarized. Moreover, current challenges and prospective research directions are discussed in relation to mechanistic understanding, material optimization, and the exploration of broader application scenarios. Continued research will be essential to unlock the full potential of noble metal nanozymes and advance their translation into reliable clinical and point-of-care diagnostic platforms.