Fracture propagation characteristics of layered shale oil reservoirs with dense laminas under cyclic pressure shock fracturing

Forming a fracture network through fracturing stimulation is significant to efficiently developing shale oil resources. However, the complex lithological characteristics and dense laminas of continental shale oil strongly shield fracture propagation. The concept of "cyclic fluid injection induces rock fatigue" was introduced into shale oil fracturing technology, and the cyclic pressure shock fracturing method was designed. The horizontal well fracturing simulation experiments used prepared shale rock samples from the Permian Lucaogou Formation shale oil reservoir outcrop in Jimusar Sag, Junggar Basin. Two pressurization states were obtained through constant injection and rapid release of accumulated high pressure, corresponding to conventional and pressure shock conditions. The characteristics of fracture propagation under different fracturing methods were analyzed by combining acoustic emission monitoring and injection pressure curve response. Research has found that the dense laminas with a certain original width near the wellbore significantly inhibit the vertical propagation of hydraulic fractures (HFs), and conventional constant-rate fracturing methods make it difficult to stimulate the reservoir effectively. Fatigue fracturing can increase the complexity of near-wellbore fractures, but the HFs still tend to be arrested by the laminas. The bottom hole pressure (BHP) is artificially increased to a value far exceeding the rock breakdown pressure near the wellbore by applying the cyclic pressure shock fracturing method. It can avoid the communication between micro-cracks and horizontal laminas during the BHP constant rate increase process and overcome the inhibition of weak layers on vertical propagation. Besides, the fracture height and number of activated laminas positively correlate with the number of cycles. When the shock pressure is about 30 MPa, the fracture height of the three cycles increases by 50% compared to a single shock. In addition, the shock pressure has a more significant effect on the fracture height, and the fracture height increases significantly with the increase of shock pressure. The shock pressure increased by about 57%, and the fracture height increased by 60%. High-pressure shock has a certain effect on the naturally weak surface of the far well, which may cause the slip of the weak surface to produce AE signals. This provides a new approach for improving fracture complexity and control volume in layered shale oil reservoirs with dense laminas.