Multifunctional metal-phenolic network-based hybrid materials: advanced engineering composites for food packaging applications

Metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) have emerged as versatile biomaterials due to their unique physicochemical properties, including biocompatibility, tunable functionality, and robust mechanical performance. These attributes make MPNs promising candidates for revolutionizing food packaging materials, addressing challenges such as spoilage, sustainability, and safety. This review explores the application of MPNs in advanced food packaging, focusing on their synthesis, structural characteristics, and functional properties. We examine recent studies on MPN-based films, coatings, and composites, highlighting their role in enhancing barrier properties, antimicrobial activity, and environmental sustainability. The review also discusses fabrication techniques and potential industrial scalability. MPNs offer exceptional advantages, particularly their ability to incorporate bioactive compounds for active packaging that extend shelf life and maintain food quality. Additionally, MPNs can be tailored for specific applications through metal ion and phenolic ligand selection, demonstrating versatility across various food types. However, challenges such as cost-effective large-scale production and regulatory considerations remain. MPNs are considered ideal candidates for developing sustainable and high-performance food packaging materials and continued research into scalable synthesis and safety will be critical for their commercial realization. Graphical abstract