A comparative review of user acceptance factors for drones and sidewalk robots in autonomous last mile delivery

Autonomous delivery technologies play a pivotal role in meeting the high expectations of customers while addressing the sustainability challenges posed by last-mile delivery traffic, particularly in urban areas. Over the past five years, research on user acceptance of these groundbreaking technologies has surged. This paper represents the first comprehensive review that consolidates and compares user acceptance factors related to deliveries by drones and sidewalk robots, drawing from global questionnaire-based studies. Our research reveals some common factors that consistently influence user acceptance for both drone and sidewalk robot deliveries and also sheds light on technology-specific acceptance factors. However, it's important to recognize that some of these factors may vary depending on the demographics and location of the studies conducted. Our findings intend to provide managerial insights to technology and policy makers, enabling strategic planning for the adoption of these innovative technologies. • First comprehensive review comparing user acceptance of drone and robot deliveries based on studies from the past five years. • Identifying common factors that consistently influence user acceptance for both drone and sidewalk robot deliveries. • Presenting opportunities to reduce environmental impact and improve cost efficiency in the delivery sector. • Discussing mainstream user acceptance theories, which guide the empirical studies on user acceptance of autonomous last mile delivery. • Managerial insights for technology developers and policymakers to aid in strategic planning for the adoption of autonomous delivery technologies.