Addressing environment, social and governance (ESG) investment in China: Does board composition and financing decision matter?

This study examined the link between board composition and environment, social and governance (ESG) investment, and how financing decisions moderate this nexus. The study constructed hypotheses using insights derived from stakeholder and agency theories. We used secondary data from 2010 to 2022 to conduct an empirical analysis using the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Fixed Effect (FE) estimators. This study found a positive and significant relationship between board independence, sustainability committee, gender diversity, managerial ownership, board meetings and ESG investment. We also found a negative connection between CEO duality, board size, foreign nationals on the board, annual remuneration, and ESG investment. Furthermore, financing decisions significantly moderated the relationship between board composition and ESG investment. The results confirm the importance of board composition and financing decisions in ESG investment in Chinese manufacturing firms. The results show that splitting the CEO and chairperson roles and frequent board meetings can improve a company's ESG investment. Policymakers should facilitate company operations by providing regulations for ESG investment.