A systematic review of methodologies for human behavior modelling and routing optimization in large-scale evacuation planning

Frequent and escalating natural disasters pose an increasing threat to society and the environment. Effective disaster management strategies are crucial to mitigate their impact. This paper reviews recent methodologies for large-scale evacuation planning, a key element in risk reduction. A systematic analysis of 100 articles and conference proceedings in evacuation planning, focusing on human factors/behavior modeling and evacuation routing optimization, reveals that Agent-Based Simulation (ABS) is commonly used to predict human factors/behaviors. Heuristics/metaheuristics and traffic assignment techniques dominate evacuation routing planning, often aiming to identify the shortest evacuation path. While evacuation decisions and route choice are extensively studied, optimization approaches frequently lack integration with human factors/behavior modeling. This review underscores the need for further research to enhance evacuation planning by integrating human factors/behavior and optimization methodologies for increased effectiveness and efficiency.