Evaluation of the changes in active substances and their effects on intestinal microflora during simulated digestion of Gastrodia elata

This study simulated the process of in vitro digestion of ethanol extract from Gastrodia elata. After simulated oral digestion, gastrointestinal digestion, and colonic fermentation, the composition and changes of active components were determined, the in vitro bioactivity was evaluated, and the effects of the samples on human intestinal flora and their metabolites were investigated. The results revealed that the release of total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were promoted after gastrointestinal digestion and colon fermentation, with the bioaccessibility of TPC and TFC increased by 103.28%–197.67% and 101.06%–144.01%, respectively. In addition, the antioxidant potency composite level significantly improved, and the inhibitory activity of cholinesterase was enhanced. Overall, G. elata has the ability to improve the intestinal flora structure, promote short chain fatty acid generation, and improve gut health. The obtained data are essential for the development of G. elata based functional foods and herbal formulations.