Digital Twins in Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Literature Review with a Focus on the Integration of Financial Flows

While Digital Twins (DTs) are widely recognized as enablers of transparency, collaboration, and real-time decision support in Supply Chain Management (SCM), most approaches remain limited to operational domains. Consequently, the digitalization of SCM risks progressing without financial integration, leaving a gap between technological capability and economic reality. The quantitative analysis reveals a strong increase in DT-related research, yet only a small fraction explicitly addresses financial integration. The qualitative synthesis identifies five thematic clusters, indicating that financial integration is mostly restricted to isolated aspects, while real-time coupling of financial and operational data remains limited. Nevertheless, existing work presents frameworks and demonstrates the potential of financially integrated DTs to improve transparency, resilience, and decision-making through simulations and case studies. The review outlines a research agenda toward a stronger integration of financial dimensions into DTs. It provides insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to align digital and financial transformation in future SCM.