A review on recent key technologies of lithium-ion battery thermal management: External cooling systems

Recently, due to having features like high energy density, high efficiency, superior capacity, and long-life cycle in comparison with the other kinds of dry batteries, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used for energy storage in many applications e.g., hybrid power micro grids, electric vehicles, and medical devices. However, performance degradation and safety issues exist because of abnormal temperature increment of the cell. So that to guarantee safety and enhance its performance; lithium-ion batteries must be preserved during the operation in a specific range of temperature. So, an adequate battery thermal management system (BTMS) is needed to reduce the maximum temperature of the battery. In the literature, BTMS can be classed as either internal or external thermal management systems based upon which battery's temperature must be treated, the internal or the external one. This article introduces an updated comprehensive review of research interested in the external thermal management strategies to provide a deep understanding of the recent key technologies used for external BTMS. In addition, practical guidelines have been recommended for enhancing the applicability of such technology.