The stability analysis of a 2D Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes system in fast signal diffusion

This paper investigates the stability of a fully parabolic–parabolic-fluid (PP-fluid) system of the Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes type in a bounded planar domain under the natural volume-filling hypothesis. In the limit of fast signal diffusion, we first show that the global classical solutions of the PP-fluid system will converge to the solution of the corresponding parabolic–elliptic-fluid (PE-fluid) system. As a by-product, we obtain the global well-posedness of the PE-fluid system for general large initial data. We also establish some new exponential time decay estimates for suitable small initial cell mass, which in particular ensure an improvement of convergence rate on time. To further explore the stability property, we carry out three numerical examples of different types: the nontrivial and trivial equilibriums, and the rotating aggregation. The simulation results illustrate the possibility to achieve the optimal convergence and show the vanishment of the deviation between the PP-fluid system and PE-fluid system for the equilibriums and the drastic fluctuation of error for the rotating solution.