Bioengineering\nBacterial Vesicle-Coated Polymeric\nNanomedicine for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy and Metastasis Prevention

We herein propose a bioengineering approach where bacterial\nouter\nmembrane vesicles (OMVs) were coated on drug-loaded polymeric micelles\nto generate an innovative nanomedicine for effective cancer immunotherapy\nand metastasis prevention. Whereas OMVs could activate the host immune\nresponse for cancer immunotherapy, the loaded drug within polymeric\nmicelles would exert both chemotherapeutic and immunomodulatory roles\nto sensitize cancer cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and to\nkill cancer cells directly. We demonstrated that the systemic injection\nof such a bioinspired immunotherapeutic agent would not only provide\neffective protective immunity against melanoma occurrence but also\nsignificantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo and extended the survival\nrate of melanoma mice. Importantly, the nanomedicine could also effectively\ninhibit tumor metastasis to the lung. The bioinspired immunomodulatory\nnanomedicine we have developed repurposes the bacterial-based formulation\nfor cancer immunotherapy, which also defines a useful bioengineering\nstrategy to the improve current cancer immunotherapeutic agents and\ndelivery systems.