Sulfate Radical-Based\nDegradation of Organic Pollutants:\nA Review on Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks as Catalysts

The degradation of organic pollutants present in domestic\nand\nindustrial effluents is a matter of concern because of their high\npersistence and ecotoxicity. Recently, advanced oxidation processes\n(AOPs) are being emphasized for organic pollutant removal from effluents,\nas they have shown higher degradation efficiencies when compared to\nconventional activated sludge processes. Sulfate radical-based methods\nare some of the AOPs, mainly carried out using persulfate (PS) and\nperoxymonosulfate (PMS), which have gained attention due to the ease\nof sulfate radical generation and the effective degradation of organic\nmolecules. PMS is gaining more popularity because of its high reactivity\nand ability to generate excess sulfate radicals. PMS has been the\nmajor focus; therefore, its mechanism has been explained, and limitations\nhave been elaborated. The involvement of metal–organic frameworks\nfor PMS/PS activation applied to organic pollutant removal and recent\nadvances in the application of biochar and hydrogel-assisted metal–organic\nframeworks have been discussed.