Advanced fiber-based technologies for biomedical interfaces: recent progress and translational perspective

Fiber technologies have evolved beyond textiles into versatile platforms for implantable, wearable, and minimally invasive biomedical interfaces. Advances in materials and fabrication allow multimodal functionalities within single fibers, enabling applications in neural interfacing, imaging, minimally invasive surgery, monitoring, and tissue engineering. This review aims to highlight the design principles, materials, and integration strategies, while evaluating performance, translational readiness, and key challenges for clinical adoption of fiber-based biomedical systems.