A domain generalization network for imbalanced machinery fault diagnosis

Traditional models for Imbalanced Fault Diagnosis (IFD) face challenges in practical applications due to domain shifts caused by varying working conditions and machinery. Domain Generalization (DG) models provide an advantage over traditional approaches by learning class-discriminative and domain-invariant feature representations, allowing them to generalize to unseen target data. However, the scarcity of fault samples relative to healthy ones limits their application in real-world industrial scenarios. In this paper, we propose a Domain Mixed-Enhanced Domain Generalization Network (DEMDGN) that enhances IFD performance by utilizing mixup-based data augmentation and domain-based discrepancy metrics to align feature distributions across multiple heterogeneous source domains. By creating domain-invariant features, DEMDGN allows robust fault diagnosis under varying conditions. Extensive experiments on one marine machinery dataset and two bearing datasets demonstrate that the proposed method effectively addresses class imbalance and domain shift problems, achieving superior diagnostic performance.