Cyber metasurface system for electromagnetic field closed-loop sensing and manipulation

Intelligent metasurfaces, capable of shaping the electromagnetic field, have been extensively investigated in diverse scenarios, including beamforming, wireless communication, and electromagnetic imaging. Adaptable metasurface control is essential for their applications in practical communications engineering. Here we present a cyber-managed metasurface system to enhance the convenience of metasurface sub-array management, which integrates radio frequency energy harvesting with star-topology hybrid networks. By employing digitized phase-shifted transmission lines as tunable elements, the system not only enables electromagnetic manipulation and sensing capabilities but also achieves ultra-low power consumption. Each metasurface sub-array consists of 2 × 2 units, serving as a network node for data transmission and the sharing of harvested energy. Additionally, these metasurface sub-arrays, designed to resemble LEGO blocks, can be combined into various configurations, enabling flexible electromagnetic manipulation. The cyber-managed metasurface can be seamlessly integrated into wireless communication systems and passive wireless sensing networks, thereby providing versatility across diverse applications.