Effect of a solvothermal method using DMF on the dispersibility of rGO, application of rGO as a CDI electrode material, and recovery of sp 2 -hybridized carbon

). While AC@rGO-H is expected to exhibit higher deionization efficiency due to its greater specific surface area, the opposite was observed. This highlights the effect of the improved dispersibility of rGO-D and underscores its potential as a valuable material for CDI applications.