Genistein supplementation alleviates bone damage by regulating gut microbiota composition and metabolism in obesity and estrogen decline

in feces. Moreover, metabolomics analysis showed that GEN intervention could alleviate lipid peroxidation and promote primary bile acid biosynthesis. In conclusion, long-term intake of GEN can regulate gut microbiota composition and metabolism, maintain intestinal barrier function, ameliorate pathological metabolic abnormalities, and ultimately prevent obesity and estrogen hypoestrogenic-induced osteopenia. These findings provide novel insights into how GEN intake and soy diet prevent osteoporosis.