DNA-engineered iron single-atom nanozyme for mRNA-guided dual-pathway modulation in enhanced mild photothermal therapy

into hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), which disrupts ATP-dependent chaperone function of HSP90 and further augments gene silencing effects. Moreover, the generated ROS can degrade existing HSP90 by cross-linking with proteins. This coordinated "block-and-destroy" mechanism, combined with the photothermal conversion capability of nanozymes, enables comprehensive suppression of the heat shock response, enhancing the efficacy of mild PTT. This work presents an innovative mRNA-guided strategy to overcome the limitations of mild PTT, paving the way for significant advancements in photothermal cancer therapy.