Taurine mitigates bisphenol A-induced maternal–fetal oxidative stress and improves fetal weight by regulating Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism

, and improving BA metabolic imbalance, thereby normalizing the "liver-gut microbiota-BA" metabolic axis. Our findings indicate that taurine mitigates BPA-induced maternal-fetal toxicity by targeting the microbiota-BA-oxidative stress axis. This study highlights taurine as a promising nutritional intervention strategy for protecting pregnancy against environmental toxicant exposure.