A comprehensive review on the synthesis routes, properties and potential applications of ZnFe2O4 ferrites

Zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) is a prominent spinel-type ferrite that has received significant attention over the recent years. This comprehensive review delves into the various synthesis routes employed to produce ZnFe₂O₄ ferrites, including traditional ceramic methods, sol-gel techniques, co-precipitation, and hydrothermal synthesis, among others. Each method’s advantages and limitations are deliberated, with a weight on controlling size of the particle, morphology, and crystallinity to enhance material performance. The review further explores the intrinsic properties of ZnFe₂O₄, focusing on its magnetic behaviour, dielectric properties, and structural stability under varying conditions. The material’s potential applications are broad, spanning catalysis, energy storage, gas sensing, and biomedical uses like, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and drug delivery. Additionally, the environmental applications of ZnFe₂O₄, particularly in photocatalysis and wastewater treatment, are highlighted. Future research directions are proposed, aiming at optimizing synthesis conditions to tailor specific properties for advanced applications, particularly in nanotechnology and sustainable energy solutions.