Cooperation in the circular economy: a bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace

Cooperation in the circular economy (CCE) is a rapidly growing interdisciplinary field essential for sustainable development, yet comprehensive analysis has been lacking. This bibliometric study, based on 1252 publications related to the CCE from the Web of Science Core Collection (2001–2024), fills that gap. Using CiteSpace, the analysis applies co-citation, collaboration, and co-occurrence network analysis methods to examine key cooperation themes in the circular economy (CE). The findings reveal: (1) The knowledge base of CCE integrates theories has evolved from foundational CE theories toward specialized, interdisciplinary applications in industrial symbiosis and collaborative business models; (2) Core regions and institutions lead in CCE knowledge creation, focusing on business model innovation, industrial symbiosis, and technological solutions; (3) Research frontier focus has evolved from macro-level conceptual studies to specific implementation pathways and toward system integration and emerging technologies such as Industry 4.0, open innovation, and dynamic capability; (4) Future research should emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration, methodological innovation, and digital technology application to enable systemic transformation, while developing context-sensitive solutions for different industries. This study constructs an integrated framework and provides scholars with a clear overview of the field and practical guidance for enterprises and policymakers seeking to foster an open, dynamic, and effective CE.