Overlooked significance of iodic acid in new particle formation in the continental atmosphere

New particle formation (NPF) substantially affects the global radiation balance and climate. Iodic acid (IA) is a key marine NPF driver that recently has also been detected inland. However, its impact on continental particle nucleation remains unclear. Here, we provide molecular-level evidence that IA greatly facilitates clustering of two typical land-based nucleating precursors: dimethylamine (DMA) and sulfuric acid (SA), thereby enhancing particle nucleation. Incorporating this mechanism into an atmospheric chemical transport model, we show that IA-induced enhancement could realize an increase of over 20% in the SA-DMA nucleation rate in iodine-rich regions of China. With declining anthropogenic pollution driven by carbon neutrality and clean air policies in China, IA could enhance nucleation rates by 1.5 to 50 times by 2060. Our results demonstrate the overlooked key role of IA in continental NPF nucleation and highlight the necessity for considering synergistic SA-IA-DMA nucleation in atmospheric modeling for correct representation of the climatic impacts of aerosols.