Visitor experiences and perceptions of recreation-related ecological impacts and management actions in the Jämtland mountains, Sweden

In mountainous landscapes, where visitor numbers are increasing, it is essential to balance biodiversity conservation, indigenous practices, and visitor experiences through planning and management. Our study investigates visitor experiences, attitudes, and awareness of ecological impacts in the Jämtland mountains, Sweden. In summer 2021, we conducted two qualitative landscape observations, a quantitative study, collecting 253 contact cards, and conducting 13 semi-structured interviews with hikers. Findings revealed that wear and tear was the most prevalent issue, followed by overcrowding. Despite concerns about wildlife impacts, reindeer sightings were anticipated and cherished, seen as integral to the visitor experience. Concerns were raised regarding the Right of Public Access. Opinions on management tools like zoning restrictions were mixed, with support for monitoring but concern about implications. Views on visitation fees varied, emphasising equitable access and voluntary contributions. Education and information were viewed positively, as was the importance of greater understanding of Sami culture. The results underscore the need for further studies on synergies among land-use interests to support multifunctional landscapes that benefit biodiversity and society while recognising recreation’s positive impacts. In this context, the Visitor Use Management framework may offer a practical approach to managing this socio-ecological system of multiple values.