‘Laminarin-Based nanocarriers: a paradigm shift in biopolymer engineering for advanced drug delivery and therapeutics’

Laminarin, a β-glucan derived from brown algae, has emerged as a highly versatile biopolymer in the realm of nanomedicine, owing to its inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review elucidates the transformative potential of laminarin-based nanocarriers in advanced drug delivery systems, spotlighting their capacity for targeted, controlled, and stimuli-responsive therapeutic applications. With unique physicochemical attributes including hydrophilicity, low molecular weight, and modifiable hydroxyl groups, laminarin enables high drug-loading efficiency, mucoadhesiveness, and enhanced bioavailability. This review examines state-of-the-art fabrication techniques, such as ionic gelation, self-assembly, and microfluidic synthesis, along with emerging strategies involving gene therapy, theranostics, and 3D bioprinting. Preclinical evidence affirms the nanocarriers' minimal toxicity and immunomodulatory properties, supporting their potential in oncology, antimicrobial therapy, and inflammatory disease management. This comprehensive analysis underscores laminarin's pivotal role in reshaping biopolymer engineering paradigms and advancing precision medicine through eco-friendly, safe, and customizable nano delivery systems.