The Impact of Digital Intelligence Transformation on Manufacturing Enterprises’ Operational Efficiency: Evidence from Human Capital Quality, Management Efficiency, and Innovation Capability

Using 2015–2024 panel data of Chinese A-share manufacturing firms, this study examines how digital intelligence transformation affects operational efficiency. We measure efficiency via DEA-BCC and quantify transformation through annual-report text analysis. Fixed-effects estimates, which are further corroborated by PSM, Heckman, and 2SLS, demonstrate that digital intelligence transformation significantly enhances operational efficiency, with more pronounced effects among non-state-owned and labor-intensive firms. Mechanism analysis reveals three transmission channels: human capital quality improvement, management efficiency enhancement through process optimization and intelligent decision-making, and innovation capability strengthening. The findings offer actionable insights for corporate digital strategy and differentiated transformation policy.