Analysis of The Effect of Deforestation Rates on Air Pollution Concentration and Land Surface Temperature Using Landsat-8 Imagery with Google Earth Engine (Case Study: East Kalimantan Province, 2019-2020)

The increase in population triggers an increase in deforestation rates. According to data from Ministry of Environment and Forestry, East Kalimantan’s highest deforestation rate reached 54.8 thousand hectares in 2018-2019. This study analyzed the effect of deforestation rates on air pollutant concentrations (SO 2 and NO 2 ) and land surface temperature (LST) in East Kalimantan in 2019-2020 with Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform using Landsat 8 Level 2 surface reflectance imagery. The TIR channel was converted into brightness temperature which further used as the input in LST estimation using Mono-Window Algorithm, SO 2 estimation using Hasan Algorithm (2014), and NO 2 estimation using Alseroury Algorithm (2015). During 2019-2020, the average LST value was 24.2 °C, which was increased by 2.0 °C from the previous year. The maximum NO 2 concentration was 189.771 g/m 3 . The annual average NO 2 concentration increased by 0.757 g/m³ from the previous year. The maximum concentration of SO 2 was 0.521 ppm. The annual average SO 2 concentration increased by 0.011 ppm from the previous year. To determine the effect of deforestation rates on the concentration of SO 2 , NO 2 and LST, the Pearson correlation test was carried out. The correlation coefficient between deforestation rates and SO 2 is R = 0.949 (very strong correlation); correlation coefficient between deforestation rates and NO 2 is R = 0.889 (very strong correlation); and the correlation coefficient between the deforestation rates and the LST is R = 0.887 (very strong correlation). This shows that the higher deforestation rates, will caused in the higher concentration of SO 2 , NO 2 , and LST.