Basic characteristics and application of micro-nano bubbles in water treatment

Recently, micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) have been widely used as a highly efficient and environmentally friendly gas-liquid phase treatment process in sewage and wastewater treatment, aquaculture agriculture, and water ecosystem restoration. In this article, the basic characteristics of MNBs with long residence time, high zeta potential at the interface, generation of hydroxyl radicals, and high mass transfer efficiency were introduced. Firstly, the methods of generating MNBs including hydraulic cavitation, particle cavitation, sonic explanation, electrochemical cavitation were emphasized. Then, the application status of MNBs in water oxygenation, pollutant degradation, and membrane cleaning were discussed. These reviews are expected to provide guidance for the theoretical research and practical application of MNBs.