An Adaptation of Brislin???s Translation Model for Cross-cultural Research

BACKGROUND: The number of nurse scientists pursuing cross-cultural research using quantitative designs is increasing. Preparation of instruments that are conceptually and functionally appropriate in the language of the participants is a complex process that needs examination. OBJECTIVES: Brislin's classic model for translation and validation of instruments for cross-cultural research is critiqued. Adaptations and extensions of that model are recommended. METHODS: Brislin's model guided tool preparation in a cross-cultural investigation. The process is described and lessons learned are outlined and discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Steps toward a more efficient and valid approach to the preparation of instruments are suggested.