Wide-Bandgap Power Electronics for Next-Generation EV Fast Charging: A Review From Device Physics to System-Level Architectures, Performance, and Challenges

This paper presents a comprehensive, structured review of the role of wide-bandgap (WBG) devices in next-generation EV fast-charging systems, covering converter topologies, solid-state transformer (SST) architectures, loss mechanisms, thermal considerations, and industry deployment trends. A detailed comparison of Si, SiC, and GaN devices is provided, supported by quantitative loss analysis, device-level benchmarking, and system-level performance metrics relevant to high-power conductive charging. Recent advances in modular AC/DC and DC/DC converters, medium-voltage interfacing, and high-frequency operation enabled by WBG devices are critically examined, alongside emerging applications such as megawatt-class chargers and wireless power transfer. Beyond technical performance, this review also discusses key challenges limiting widespread adoption of WBG technologies, including cost, packaging, electromagnetic interference, and reliability considerations, while highlighting ongoing industrial developments and future research directions. By consolidating device physics, converter design, and market perspectives, this paper provides a unified reference for researchers, designers, and industry stakeholders working toward scalable, efficient, and future-proof EV fast-charging infrastructure.