Non-Uniformly Spaced Circular Array Synthesis Based on Multi-Population Differential Evolution

This paper introduces an improved multi-population adaptive differential evolution (MPADE) algorithm to synthesize non-uniformly spaced circular arrays. The method integrates a multi-population cooperation mechanism, directional migration strategy, and historical memory-driven parameter adaptation mechanism. Experimental results demonstrate that for 6-layer and 9-layer circular arrays, MPADE reduces the peak sidelobe level (PSL) to -29.00 dB and -31.57 dB, respectively. Significant improvements are achieved in both optimization effectiveness and convergence speed compared to other optimization algorithms.