Intelligent Architecture for Multi-Domain Aerial-Surface-Underwater Networks with Hybrid Radio-Acoustic-Optical Communications

Multi-domain aerial-surface-underwater networks are increasingly critical in applications such as maritime surveillance and rescue. However, due to environmental and technical constraints, traditional communication methods alone are often insufficient, particularly in cross-domain and underwater-domain communication scenarios. Currently, there is very limited research on aerial-surface-underwater communication networks. To address the challenge of seamlessly integrating these diverse domains, this paper proposes an intelligent architecture that optimizes communication network across aerial, surface, and underwater domains with hybrid radio-acoustic-optical communications by leveraging the complementary strengths of different communication technologies. The proposed architecture comprises three layers, in intelligence layer, integrated resource management model, dynamic routing decision model and adaptive service-rate sensing model. To evaluate the performance, this paper conducts case studies in different hybrid multi-domain network scenarios through simulation and experiment. It can be concluded that the proposed intelligent architecture could effectively integrate hybrid radio-acoustic-optical communication technologies with complementary strengths and enhance efficiency and robustness of multi-domain aerial-surface-underwater communication network. This research provides an innovative framework for advancing the development of multi-domain networks with hybrid communication technologies.