Enhancing Resilience With Electric Vehicles Charging Redispatching and Vehicle-to-Grid in Traffic-Electric Networks

Electric vehicles (EVs) can be viewed as both electric loads and a type of mobile storage resource. Effective management and utilization of EVs can yield significant benefits for networks. This article proposes a novel resilience enhancement method for coupled traffic-electric networks with a high penetration of EVs, incorporating two specific strategies in response to contingencies. The first strategy involves rerouting and reselecting charging stations for power-deficient EVs, while the second entails redispatching power-sufficient EVs to the most suitable nearby charging stations to provide grid support through vehicle-to-grid technology. A carefully designed pricing mechanism, which includes imposing additional road congestion tolls and charging station charging fees, is incorporated to facilitate rerouting and charging station reselection for EVs under the user equilibrium principle. Furthermore, a formulation incorporating the two proposed resilience enhancement strategies for coupled traffic-electric networks is presented. This formulation enables coordination between the two networks to capitalize on flexibility derived from sector coupling. A series of linearization techniques are then introduced to transform the original problem into a mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming model. Numerical results based on a coupled network with 20 traffic roads and 21 electric buses are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed resilience enhancement method.