Multi-Adversarial In-Car Activity Recognition Using RFIDs

In-car human activity recognition opens a new opportunity toward intelligent driving behavior detection and touchless human-car interaction. Among the many sensing technologies (e.g., using cameras and wearable sensors), radio frequency identification (RFID) exhibits unique advantages given its low cost, easy deployment, and less privacy concerns. Existing RFID-based solutions for activity recognition are mostly confined to working in stable indoor spaces. The inside space of a car however is much more compact and complex, not to mention the fast-changing driving conditions. All these introduce non-negligible noises that pollute the activity-related information, and the existence of various car models in the market further complicates the problem. In this article, we for the first time closely examine the distinct factors that affect the RFID-based in-car activity recognition. We present RF-CAR, a novel RFID-based tag-free solution that well adapts to different in-car environments. RF-CAR smartly filters the domain-specific features in RF signals and retains activity-related features to the maximum extent. It then integrates a deep learning architecture and an advanced multi-adversarial domain adaptation network for training and prediction. With only one-time pre-training, RF-CAR can adapt to new data domains such as new driving conditions, car models, and human subjects for robust activity recognition. We also demonstrate that it is readily deployable in cars with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) RFID devices. Our extensive experiments suggest that RF-CAR achieves an overall recognition accuracy of around 95 percent, which significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions.