High-Power Microwave Pulse-Induced Failure on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System

With the wide application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), more attention has been paid to the safe operation of UAVs in complex electromagnetic environments. In this article, we investigate the impact of high-power microwave (HPM) pulses on three types of typical commercial UAVs. We established the HPM irradiation experiment system first and obtained the responses of UAVs under the HPM attack with different electric field strengths. The flight logs and the damage analysis reports indicate that the damaged components of the type I UAV and the type II UAV are the rotor motor and the electronic speed controller. The experiment results prove that L-band narrowband HPM microwave has strong backdoor coupling effects on UAVs. The damage mechanism of UAVs by the HPM is studied by simulation. The simulation results show that an HPM pulse will cause a high-voltage pulse coupled to the cable connecting the electronic speed controller and the rotor motor, which caused the electronic speed controller to send out a false signal that caused the rotor motor speed to rise sharply, eventually making the rotor motor to burn out. Experiment results show that strengthening electromagnetic protection on the cable can effectively prevent HPM damage to UAVs. The simulation results match the experiment results and the damage analysis reports. Finally, some suggestions are provided to improve the UAV’s anti-HPM capability.