Nurses' Needs, Expectations and Perceptions on Barcode Medication Administration Implementation: A Qualitative Study

AIMS: To gain insight into nurses' needs, expectations, and perceptions regarding barcode medication administration (BCMA) implementation in a general hospital in Belgium, including barriers and facilitators influencing acceptance. DESIGN: Qualitative descriptive study. METHODS: In 2023, focus groups were conducted with a purposive sample of nurses from diverse wards and experience levels in a Belgian general hospital. A topic guide based on the Technology Acceptance Model was used. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Nurses perceived BCMA as a valuable tool to enhance patient safety through accurate patient identification and medication verification. Acceptance depended on balancing safety benefits with workflow efficiency and patient comfort. This balance was challenged by time pressure, additional scanning steps, technical issues, and concerns about disturbing patients during night shifts. While trust in system feedback increased confidence in medication administration, unclear procedures and emerging workarounds raised concerns about reduced vigilance and inconsistent use. Increased workload and insufficient equipment were perceived as potential risks for safe and consistent use. Adequate training, reliable technology, clear policies, and accessible support were considered essential for sustained and correct implementation. CONCLUSION: BCMA acceptance is shaped by the interaction between perceived safety benefits and practical challenges in daily practice. Addressing workflow, workload, and system reliability is crucial for successful implementation. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: Involving nurses throughout implementation, aligning procedures with workflow, and providing reliable technology with ongoing training and support can enhance acceptance, correct use, and safe medication administration. IMPACT: User-centred strategies, including co-design with nurses and workflow testing before large-scale rollout, are recommended to support sustainable and safe medication practices. REPORTING METHOD: The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was used. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting.