A brief review: Past, present and future of lithium ion batteries

The review summarizes the development of lithium ion batteries beginning with the research of the 1970–1980s which lead to modern intercalation type batteries. Following the history of lithium ion batteries, material developments are outlined with a look at cathode materials, electrolyte solutions and anode materials. Finally, with lithium sulfur and lithium oxygen batteries two post intercalation type lithium batteries are discussed. The focus of the material discussions lies on basic understanding, problems and opportunities related to the materials.