An Experimental Study of Spring Boot-Based Monolithic and Micro-service Systems

Microservice architecture has become a widely adopted design paradigm in modern software systems due to its advantages in scalability and maintainability. However, the performance impact of adopting microservices compared to traditional monolithic architectures remains a practical concern, particularly for Java-based applications. This paper presents an experimental study comparing monolithic and microservice systems implemented using Spring Boot. Both architectures are deployed under identical hardware conditions and evaluated using Apache JMeter to measure key performance metrics, including response time and throughput. Experiments are conducted with varying levels of concurrent users to analyze system behavior under different workloads. The experimental results indicate that while microservice architectures provide improved modularity and deployment flexibility, they may introduce additional performance overhead under high concurrency due to inter-service communication. These findings offer practical insights for developers in choosing an appropriate architectural style for performance-sensitive Java applications.