Educational migration and allergic symptom burden: A cross-sectional study of university students in Kunming, China

University enrolment represents a critical period of ‘educational migration’, exposing young adults to novel environmental transitions. This study evaluated the impact of relocation on allergic symptom burden amongst university students in Kunming, China, and identified associated environmental risk factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 485 students (367 non-local, 118 local). McNemar tests compared self-reported allergic symptoms before and after enrolment, while logistic regression analysed associations with dormitory conditions and ventilation behaviours. After migration, non-local students exhibited a significant increase in eye and skin allergic symptoms ( p < 0.05), whereas local students showed no significant change. In multivariable models, perceived stale, damp or musty odours in university dormitories were strongly associated with nasal, eye and skin symptoms (adjusted odds ratios, 1.88–2.67). Furthermore, frequent window opening during the high-pollen spring season significantly increased allergic risk, and proximity to pollen-producing plants was correlated with increased sneezing. Educational migration exacerbates allergic burden, mediated by dormitory indoor air quality and seasonal pollen exposure. Adaptive ventilation strategies, balancing fresh air requirements against pollen intrusion and strict moisture control in university dormitories are essential preventive measures.