Evolution of Thermosensitive TRP Channels as a Source of Sensory Diversification and Environmental Adaptation

The ability to sense and respond behaviorally to changing ambient temperatures is critical for adapting to environmental fluctuations. Peripheral neurons convey sensory information essential for exerting proper physiological and behavioral responses. Thus, evolutionary changes in sensory perception likely play an important role in adapting to diverse environments. The thermosensitive TRP channels serve as thermal receptors in a wide range of animal species. Comparative analyses of these channels revealed that evolutionary changes in their functional properties led to the diversification of sensory perception among various animal species. The structural basis of functional alteration of thermoTRP channels has also been identified in several cases. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that the functional properties of TRP channels vary in relation to thermal niche selection. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in the research focusing on the evolutionary changes of thermosensitive TRP channels related to a unique physiological system and environmental adaptation.