The role of large language models in delivering artificial intelligence-based psychological interventions and therapies

In recent years, significant advancements in natural language processing (NLP) and deep learning (DL) have led to the development of models with unprecedented capabilities in processing and producing human language. Given the growing importance of mental well-being and the constraints of traditional and conventional therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), large language models (LLMs) are being explored as an emerging tool for diagnosing, intervening, and assessing psychological disorders. This chapter discusses the role, potential, and growing applications of LLMs in psychology by conducting a narrative review of the current research in this field, compiled through a search of scientific databases. The findings of this chapter indicate that LLMs have significant potential in assessing the emotional tendencies of text and simulating structured therapeutic interactions. Finally, this chapter discusses limitations and challenges ahead, such as privacy issues and potential biases of the models, future perspectives, including the need for further research for rigorous validation, and ethical concerns related to using LLMs in psychology. This chapter emphasizes the importance of continuing research to fully understand and responsibly use the potential of LLMs to improve mental health services.