Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics

Ceramic processing involves multiple steps due to the high melting point and low ductility. Traditionally, ceramics are manufactured from its powder to a green shape followed by densication or sintering at high temperature. Application of additive manufacturing (AM) of ceramics started with the ease of green shape forming that can then be sintered using conventional methods. Later, different AM approaches developed to form ceramic coatings on metallic substrates to improve wear, corrosion, and heat resistance of materials. The following chapter is focused on different AM techniques, how they can be utilized for ceramic processing, and their advantages as well as concerns. Some of CONTENTS 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 144 5.2 SLA of Ceramics ................................................................................................................. 144 5.2.1 SLA: History and Methodology .......................................................................... 144 5.2.2 Stability of Ceramic Suspension and Its Rheological Behavior ...................... 145 5.2.3 SLA of the Ceramic Suspension........................................................................... 147 5.2.4 Applications and Further Development ............................................................. 147 5.3 SLS of Ceramics .................................................................................................................. 149 5.3.1 SLS: History and Methodology............................................................................ 149 5.3.2 Direct SLS ................................................................................................................ 150 5.3.3 Indirect SLS for Ceramics ..................................................................................... 152 5.3.4 Application and Future Development ................................................................ 153 5.4 Ink-Jet 3DP for Ceramics ................................................................................................... 155 5.4.1 Ink-Jet 3DP: History and Methodology .............................................................. 155 5.4.2 Ink-Jet 3DP Processed Ceramics .......................................................................... 156 5.5 Fused Deposition of Ceramics ......................................................................................... 159 5.5.1 FDC: History and Methodology .......................................................................... 159 5.5.2 FDC Processed Ceramics ...................................................................................... 160 5.6 Laminated Object Manufacturing of Ceramics ............................................................ 162 5.6.1 LOM: History and Methodology ......................................................................... 162 5.6.2 LOM Processed Ceramics ..................................................................................... 164 5.7 Laser Engineered Net Shaping™ .................................................................................... 165 5.7.1 LENS: History and Methodology ........................................................................ 165 5.7.2 LENS Processed Ceramics .................................................................................... 167 5.8 Robocasting ........................................................................................................................ 171 5.9 Future Trends for Ceramic Additive Manufacturing ................................................... 173 5.10 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 175 References ..................................................................................................................................... 177 the recent developments and work done over the past 20 years are addressed to understand the history and growth of this eld through process descriptions and examples.