Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

This chapter considers Artificial Intelligence (AI) to be the development of an artificial entity such as the Terminator in the movie by the same name or HAL in the classic sci-fi movie Space Odyssey. Cognitive science involves empirical studies of the mind, whereas AI concerns the development of an artificial mind. The approaches to AI just discussed model human intelligence at the individual cognitive level, namely human logical reasoning and probabilistic reasoning. Once the logical approach to AI became dominant in the 1950s, neural networks fell from popularity. However, new algorithms for training neural networks and dramatically increased computer processing speed resulted in a re-emergence of the use of neural nets in the field called deep learning. The position that computers could appear and behave intelligently, but not necessarily understand, is called weak AI. The chapter also presents an overview on the key concepts discussed in this book.