Research Advances in Ecological Functions and Regulatory Mechanisms of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Plant-Soil Interaction Network

土壤微生物和植物–土壤系统之间的相互作用对于维持生态系统的功能与应对气候变化至关重要。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)可以影响植物与土壤之间的物质交流，提高植物生产力和抗逆性，在改善土壤质量和养分循环方面发挥着重要作用。有研究表明，AMF与植物共生抑制植物产量积累，不利于维持土壤生态功能和可持续性。AMF在调控植物–土壤系统中表现出的作用不一致，这可能与环境条件有关。因此，需总结现有研究，系统的阐明AMF对植物–土壤系统生产力、抗逆性和养分循环的作用及其机理。本综述总结了AMF与植物–土壤系统共生关系和共生机理的研究进展；阐述了AMF对植物–土壤系统生产力和抗逆性的作用机制；提出AMF–植物–土壤系统共生领域中尚待系统深入研究的关键科学问题，并分析了当前该领域研究存在的不足与今后的研究方向，以期为农业生态系统的可持续发展提供新的思路。The interactions between soil microorganisms and plant-soil systems are crucial for maintaining ecosystem functions and addressing climate change challenges. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), through mediating material exchange between plants and soil, enhance plant productivity and stress resistance while playing pivotal roles in improving soil quality and nutrient cycling. However, studies have shown that AMF-plant symbiosis may inhibit yield accumulation and compromise soil ecological sustainability. The inconsistent performance of AMF in regulating plant-soil systems could be attributed to environmental conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the existing studies and systematically elucidate the role of AMF on the productivity, stress tolerance and nutrient cycling of plant-soil system and its mechanism. This review summarizes the progress of research on the symbiotic relationship between AMF and plant-soil systems and the mechanism of symbiosis, describes the mechanism of AMF on plant-soil system productivity and stress tolerance, and proposes the key scientific issues that need to be systematically and thoroughly researched in the field of AMF-plant-soil system symbiosis, as well as analyzes the shortcomings of the current research in this field and the direction of the future research, with the aim of providing new ideas for sustainable development of agroecosystems.